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Head & Neck Cancers
Head & Neck Heroes: Empowering Lives, Conquering Cancer
At Universal Hospital, our specialized team of experts, including otolaryngologists (ENT specialists), oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and support staff, is committed to providing comprehensive and personalized care for individuals facing head and neck cancers. Head and neck cancers encompass a diverse group of cancers that can occur in various areas, including the mouth, throat, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands.
What are Head and Neck Cancers?
Head and neck cancers include a range of cancers that occur in the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), salivary glands, nose, sinuses, and lymph nodes in the neck. These cancers often develop in the mucosal surfaces lining these areas.
Risk Factors:
Several factors may increase the risk of developing head and neck cancers, including:
- Tobacco Use: Smoking and smokeless tobacco use significantly increase the risk.
- Alcohol Consumption: Heavy and long-term alcohol use is a significant risk factor.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV are associated with an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers.
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic irritation from poorly fitting dentures or poor oral hygiene may contribute.
- Occupational Exposures: Certain occupational exposures, such as to asbestos or wood dust, may increase the risk.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of head and neck cancers may include:
- Persistent sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Changes in voice or hoarseness
- Swelling or lumps in the neck
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic nasal congestion or other sinus problems
Diagnosis:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the head and neck by a healthcare professional.
- Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.
- Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and X-rays may be used to assess the extent of the cancer.
Staging:
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is staged based on the extent of the disease. Stages range from I (localized disease) to IV (spread to distant parts of the body).
Head and neck cancer is staged using the TNM system:
- Tumor (T): Describes the size and extent of the primary tumor.
- TX: Cannot be assessed
- T0: No evidence
- Tis: Carcinoma in situ
- T1-T4: Increasing size and local extent
2. Node (N): Indicates regional lymph node involvement.
- NX: Cannot be assessed
- N0: No Involvement
- N1-N3: Increasing lymph node involvement
3. Metastasis (M): Reflects the presence of distant metastasis.
- MX: Cannot be assessed
- M0: No metastasis
- M1: Distant metastasis present
Combining T, N, and M results in an overall stage (I-IV), where higher stages signify more advanced disease. Treatment decisions are based on staging and various factors.
Treatment:
Treatment options for head and neck cancers depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer and may include:
- Surgery: Removal of the cancerous tissue.
- Radiation Therapy: High-dose radiation to target and kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Medications to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
- Targeted Therapy: Medications that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth.
Prognosis:
The prognosis for head and neck cancers varies depending on the specific type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the effectiveness of treatment.
Support and Resources:
Living with head and neck cancer may require support. Patients and their families can benefit from support groups, counseling, and educational resources provided by healthcare organizations.
Head and Neck Cancer Care at Universal Hospital:
1. Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Team:
Our hospital is equipped with a multidisciplinary team of experts who collaborate to provide a comprehensive approach to head and neck cancer care. This team includes otolaryngologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiologists, and support staff.
2. Advanced Diagnostic Technologies:
Universal Hospital employs state-of-the-art diagnostic technologies, including imaging studies, endoscopy, and biopsy procedures, to accurately diagnose and stage head and neck cancers.
3. Personalized Treatment Plans:
Treatment plans are tailored to each patient’s specific diagnosis, considering factors such as the type and location of the cancer, stage, and the patient’s overall health. Our goal is to provide the most effective and personalized care for every individual.
