Balloon Aortic Valvotomy, often referred to as aortic balloon valvuloplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure that aims to alleviate the obstruction caused by aortic stenosis. Here’s how it works:

1. Patient Evaluation: Before the procedure, a thorough evaluation is conducted to assess the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and overall health. Diagnostic tests such as echocardiography and angiography help determine the severity of aortic stenosis.

2. Preparation: The patient is prepared for the procedure, usually in a specialized catheterization laboratory (cath lab). An intravenous line is inserted, and sedation or general anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient’s comfort.

3. Access: A small incision is made, typically in the groin area, to access the arterial or venous system. Through this access point, a catheter is guided towards the heart using fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray imaging).

4. Balloon Inflation: When the catheter is in place, a deflated balloon at its tip is advanced through the narrowed aortic valve. The balloon is then inflated, applying pressure on the valve leaflets, which widens the valve opening, thus relieving the obstruction and improving blood flow.

5. Monitoring: Throughout the procedure, the patient’s vital signs and heart function are closely monitored to ensure safety and efficacy.

6. Deflation and Removal: After the valve has been sufficiently dilated, the balloon is deflated and removed. The catheter is withdrawn, and the incision is closed with sutures.

7. Recovery: Patients are usually observed for a period in a recovery area before being transferred to a hospital room. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days, although specific recovery times can vary.