Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy, also known as pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure designed to relieve the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis. Here’s how it works:

1. Patient Evaluation: Before the procedure, a comprehensive evaluation is performed to assess the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and overall health. Diagnostic tests, such as echocardiography and angiography, help determine the severity of pulmonary valve stenosis.
2. Preparation: The patient is prepared for the procedure, usually in a specialized catheterization laboratory (cath lab). An intravenous line is inserted, and sedation or general anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient’s comfort.
3. Access: A small incision is made, typically in the groin area, to access the arterial or venous system. Through this access point, a catheter is guided toward the heart using fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray imaging).
4. Balloon Inflation: Once the catheter is in position, a deflated balloon at its tip is advanced through the narrowed pulmonary valve. The balloon is then inflated, exerting pressure on the valve leaflets, which widens the valve opening, effectively relieving the obstruction and improving blood flow.
5. Monitoring: Throughout the procedure, the patient’s vital signs and heart function are closely monitored to ensure safety and efficacy.
6. Deflation and Removal: After the valve has been sufficiently dilated, the balloon is deflated and removed. The catheter is withdrawn, and the incision is closed with sutures.
7. Recovery: Patients are usually observed for a period in a recovery area before being transferred to a hospital room. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days, although specific recovery times can vary.