Glaucoma

People over the age of 40, individuals with a family history of glaucoma, those with certain medical conditions (like diabetes and high blood pressure), and individuals of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent are at a higher risk for developing glaucoma.

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, where the drainage angle of the eye becomes less efficient over time.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Occurs when the drainage angle becomes blocked or closed, leading to a sudden increase in IOP.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage despite having normal IOP.

Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by other eye conditions or medical issues.

Congenital Glaucoma: Present at birth due to developmental abnormalities.

In its early stages, glaucoma may not show any symptoms. As the condition progresses, individuals might experience tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights, severe eye pain, headache, or nausea.

Glaucoma is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination that includes measuring IOP, assessing the optic nerve, and conducting visual field tests. Regular eye check-ups are important, especially for those at higher risk.

While there’s no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can slow down its progression and prevent vision loss. Treatment may include eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of glaucoma.

Glaucoma can’t always be prevented, but you can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing underlying health conditions, getting regular eye exams, and following your eye doctor’s recommendations.

For individuals without known risk factors, an eye exam every 2-4 years before the age of 40 is generally recommended. After 40, or for those with risk factors, annual or biennial exams are advised.

Yes, if left untreated, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness. Regular eye exams and timely treatment are crucial to prevent this outcome.

Surgery is one option for advanced glaucoma, but it’s not the only one. Your ophthalmologist will recommend a treatment plan based on the type and severity of your condition. Other treatments may include medication and laser therapy.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, can contribute to overall eye health and potentially lower the risk of glaucoma.

People with glaucoma can often drive, especially if the condition is well-managed and their visual field meets legal requirements. However, it’s essential to check the specific driving regulations in your region and follow your eye doctor’s guidance.